Anxiety disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment

Anxiety disorder is anxiety without apparent reason. These emotions aren't a consequence of events occurring around. They are caused by a strong psycho-emotional stress.

1. Signs of anxiety disorders.

2. Diagnosis of diseases.

3. Treatment of anxiety disorders.

4. Anxiety disorders prevention.

5. Conclusion.

6. Useful links.

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Conditionally, it's possible to divide all signs, characteristic of an anxiety disorder, into several groups:

• Sense of tension and anxiety. It means constant excitement about any situation or absence of reason for such state. As a rule, the intensity of excitement doesn't correspond at the scale of the problem. A patient is constantly in a state of reverie, worries about problems and some trifles. In fact, a person constantly expects negative news, so he can't relax even for a minute. The patients describes this kind of anxiety as deliberately illogical, but they are not able to cope with this.

• Sleep disturbance. Relaxation doesn't occur even at night, as above symptoms don't pass. It's difficult a person to fall asleep, this requires often not only great efforts, but also medical support. The dream is superficial and intermittent. In the morning there is a feeling of vulnerable and fatigue. Sleep disturbance worsens the organism, reducing the quality of overall health.

• Vegetative symptoms of anxiety-depressive disorder. The change in the balance of certain hormones can cause a reaction not only from the human psyche. Quite often, there are violations in activity of the vegetative system. The state of anxiety often leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, increased sweating, etc. In addition, dyspeptic symptoms are often manifested, for example, nausea and vomiting, pain in the gastrointestinal tract, constipation or diarrhea. It's also possible appearance of headaches, which are almost impossible to eliminate by standard anesthetic medications. A characteristic symptom is soreness in region of the heart and feeling that organ is working with interruptions.

Anxiety is diagnosed quite simply. Each of us meet this phenomenon at least once in a life. The condition is accompanied by a feeling of upcoming troubles or threats. In the overwhelming majority of cases, it lasts for a short time and passes independently after finding out all circumstances. It's very important distinguish normal reactions to occurring events and pathological signs.

To accurately diagnose, it's necessary to observe by patient, keeping a record of all criteria listed below, for several months. To eliminate them by standard methods is not possible. These signs are permanent and take place in any daily situations. Specialists distinguish the following diagnostic criteria:

• Lasting anxiety. Due to a premonition of future failures, a person hasn't opportunity to work, concentrate attention and relax. The feeling of excitement becomes so overwhelming that patient can't perceive other important experiences, emotions and feelings. Anxiety begins to dominate the mind of a person.

• Voltage. There is a constant fussiness as a desire to do something with unabated anxiety. At the same time, patient tries to find out the true cause of his condition.

• Vegetative signs. They are also very important for diagnosis of anxiety. The most common symptoms in this case are dizziness, increased sweating and a feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Modern psychology is in constant search of new, most effective methods of treatment of anxiety disorders. Various breathing techniques, yoga, relaxing therapy help in this process. Some patients manage to overcome the disease on their own, without using conservative methods of treatment. Nevertheless, the most effective and recognized ways of treating anxiety disorders are the following:

• Self-help. This is the first thing a person can do if he is diagnosed with an "anxious disorder." To do this, the patient needs to work on himself and learns to keep under control the physiological manifestations of anxiety. This can do by performing special breathing exercises or relaxing muscle complexes. Such techniques help normalize sleep, relieve anxiety and reduce pain in tense muscles. Exercise should be done regularly, during the long period.

• Working with a psychiatrist. It's also effective way to get rid of anxiety disorder. Often this state is transformed into a form of negative images, thoughts and fantasies, which can be difficult to exclude. A doctor helps to patient translate these thoughts in a more positive direction. Whole essence of psychotherapy of anxiety disorders is reduced to teaching patient a more positive way of thinking, realistic perception of the surrounding reality. There is a so-called habituation method. It's based on a multiple collision of patient with objects of his fears and anxieties.

• Medication treatment. This method is used only in the most severe cases. Therapy should not be limited of taking medications only. In addition, patient must not takes medication on an ongoing basis, as they can be addictive. Medications are designed only to remove symptoms. The most often for treatment of anxiety disorders are prescribed medications from the category of antidepressants: "Maprotiline", "Sertraline", "Trazodone", etc. The patient must takes them for a long time, because they start to work a few weeks after the beginning of admission. In addition, also used drugs related to benzodiazepines: "Diazepam", "Lorazepam", etc. These drugs have a calming effect, occurring approximately 15 minutes after admission. They quickly and easily alleviate a state of panic attacks. However, the negative side of these medications is the emergence of dependence.

• Phytotherapy. Many herbs can remove anxiety and have a relaxing and soothing effect on organism. Oat straw has properties of antidepressants, protecting the nervous system from excessive overload. Chamomile, linden, lavender and lemon balm also help to cope with anxiety. Hops will help to remove irritability and excessive nervous excitability.

Professional treatment and therapy are of great importance in anxiety disorders. However, there are preventive measures that can prevent the development of disorders:

• Keep a journal, in which daily mark your level of anxiety on a scale from 1 to 10 points. In addition, you should bring situations that are unnerving, and sedation methods of them. This will help in time to track the dangerous condition and ask for help.

• Review your daily duties, work schedule, contacts. Try to eliminate everything that causes negative emotions. Try to avoid deadlines and problems at work.

• Relax during the day, take half an hour for hobbies and other activities that bring you pleasure. This will allow you to maintain emotional balance.

• Try not to drink alcoholic beverages, strong tea, coffee, sugar or limit them as much as possible. In addition, you must quit smoking.

• Lead an active lifestyle, which will allow taking care of your physical and mental health. You must begin to eat a balanced food, play sports, walk on the street and take vitamins.

• Don’t forget about rest. Even 20-30 minutes of relaxing or doing your favorite things will bring pleasure within a day. They will help to reduce anxiety, restore emotional and energy balance.

You can prevent complex mental health problems by following listed measures.

When a doctor diagnoses anxiety disorder by patient, then key factor of treatment will be qualified care and well-chosen therapy. There are also many preventive measures that can be used to prevent development of a disorder or avoid recurrence. It's worth noting, that it's not easy to cope with anxious disorder, but it's possible. First of all, it's important to clearly understand condition and assess it in terms of symptoms. Then anxiety disorder will not come as a surprise, it will be easier to recognize and eliminate the problem accordingly. The patient should refrain from smoking and excessive consumption of coffee or reduce them to a minimum. No less caution should be taken to many medications, for example, diet pills. And most importantly, don't be shy and not refuse from help of professionals.

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• 01.31.2019. The author wrote about disease prevention measures that will help normalize the human nervous system.